Course Info
Course materials are available at FESB MERLIN.
Course Objectives
Training students for:
- Understanding the specifics related to the network structure, grid planning and operation as well as network element construction
- Development of models for the distribution network analysis under stationary conditions
- Understanding the specifics related to the distribution network neutral earthing
- Calculation of short circuit currents in distribution networks
- Selection of network elements while respecting the technical requirements and ability to propose measures for the network operation improvements
- Understanding the effects of distribution generation connection on network conditions
- Deepening the basic knowledge in the field of electricity transmission and distribution
Course content
- DISTIRIBUTION NETWORK POSITION AND ROLE IN ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS:
- production, transmission and distribution of electrical energy
- basic characteristics and differences of transmission and distribution networks
- DISTIRBUTION NETWORK TOPOLOGY AND STRUCTURE:
- Middle voltage network structure
- Low voltage network structure
- DISTIRBUTION NETWORK SUBSTATIONS:
- Distribution substations
- Examples of real distribution substations 110/35 V, 35/10 kV and 10/0.4 kV
- BASIC ELECTRIC PARAMETERS AND EQUVIVALNET SCHEMES FOR NETWORK ELEMENTS
- Symmetrical components system
- Physical interpretation of direct, inverse and zero system
- Calculation of element impedances
- Equivalent schemes
- DISTRIBUTION NETWORK FAULT ANALYSIS (PART 1)
- Three phase fault
- Two phase fault
- Single phase faults
- Single phase faults in low voltage grid
- DISTRIBUTION NETWORK FAULT ANALYSIS (PART 2)
- Transformer earthling options in middle voltage distribution networks
- Single phase faults
- Single phase faults in networks earthed using low*ohm resistors
- ground faults in unearthed networks
- Examples of fault analysis calculations
- APROXIMATIVE NETWORK ANALYSIS UNDER STATIONARY CONDITIONS
- Approximate load flow calculations in radial distribution networks
- Approximate voltage drop calculations
- Rating power lines and transformers based on load flow and voltage drop calculations
- Examples of load flow and voltage profile calculations
- LOAD FLOW CALCULATION USING BACKWARD-FORWARD METHOD
- Formation of incidence matrix: BIBC, BCBV, DLF
- Load flow calculations in radial distribution networks
- Load flow calculations in weakly meshed distribution networks
- LOW VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS (PART 1)
- Specificities of low voltage distribution networks
- Low voltage distribution network types based on earthing type
- Load modeling and load flow calculations
- Load flow / voltage conditions calculations
- LOW VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS (PART 2)
- Planning and design of low voltage networks
- Network protection and fuse selection criteria
- Grounding system calculation in low voltage distribution networks
- ACTIVE POWER/ENERGY LOSS CALCULATION
- Power/energy loss classification
- Power losses in transformers and power lines
- Energy loss calculations using approximate approach and using load duration curve
- **REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION
- Individual/group/central/mixed compensation
- Positive effects of reactive power compensation
- Dimensioning of capacitors banks
- IMPACT OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION CONNECTION
- Impact on network voltage conditions and control
- Impact on network losses
- Impact on network protection
- Higher harmonics, voltage/current asymmetry, flickers…
- DISTIRBUTION NETWORK OPERATION AND CONTROL
- Supervision, control, SCADA
- Network reliability and energy not served
- MTU system
List of laboratory or design exercises
- Preparing for the lab. exercises and demonstration of software tools used in exercises
- Load flow / voltage conditions/ power losses analysis and compensation of reactive power in the distribution networks
- The preparatory exercise for the load flow calculations in low-voltage distribution networks
- Low-voltage distribution network project: load modeling / load flow / voltage calculations; selection and rating of lines and transformers, short circuit analysis, selection and compliance testing of fuses, ground resistance calculation and design of pole mounted substation 10/0.4 kV earthing (Part 1)
- Low-voltage distribution network project: load modeling / load flow / voltage calculations; selection and rating of lines and transformers, short circuit analysis, selection and compliance testing of fuses, ground resistance calculation and design of pole mounted substation 10/0.4 kV earthing (Part 2)
- Analysis of distributed generation connection on the distribution networks
Course Literature
- Goić R., Jakus D., Penović I.: Electric Distribution Networks, FESB, 2014.
- Goić, R. * Upute za energetske proračune u niskonaponskoj distributivnoj mreži (2009), Split, FESB
- E. Lakaervi, E.J. Holmes: Electricity Distribution Network Design, Peter Peregrinus Lt, 1989.
- Abdelhay A. Sallam, Om P. Malik:Electric Distribution Systems, Wiley*IEEE Press, 2011.
- Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo: Electrical Distribution Systems, The Fairmont Press, 2009.
- E. Lakaervi, E.J. Holmes: Electricity Distribution Network Design, Peter Peregrinus Lt, 1989.
- William H. Kersting: Distribution System Modeling and Analysis, CRC Press, 2002.
- Programski paket PowerCAD, operation instructions (2009), Split, FRACTAL d.o.o.
- Programski paket WINdis, operation instructions (2009), Split, FRACTAL d.o.o.